Gaseous telephone transmitter



Patented Sept.l 9, 1.924.

PATENT OFFICE.

, RICHARD A. ENGLEB', OF EVANSTOI ILLINOIS.

GASEOUS TELEPHONE TRANSMITTEB..

Application flled September 2, 1919. 'Serial No. 321,195.

T'o all who'm z't may cmwem:

Be it known that I, RICHARD A. ENGLER, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Evanston, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have made a certain new and useful Improvement in Gaseous Telephone Transmitters, of which the following is a, specification.

My present invention relates to modifications of apparatus covered by my Patent #1,443,620 of Jan. 30, 1923 for telephone transmitters in which the broad idea of using gases and vapors as the variable means m transmitters is disclosed.

The invention herein disclosed deals with magnets controlled by the voice or other sound producing means or methods of causin vibration, and causin' said magnets to a ect a as or vapor pat or an intermediate me ium to .aifect the as.

Any medium known in t e art as a gas or vapor or thermionic-electronic .or ionic dischar e can be employed in my transmitters an these terms are used synonymously herein. The magnet may act directly upon the gas or vapor; or may act upon mechanical 0bstructions placed in the gas or'vapor path; or may act upon mechanical means, which latter m turn control auxiliary electric currents, whereby the main transmitter current 1 s afected. In some cases the sound Waves may act directly upon the ionized path.- Again a combination of the above methods of obstructing the' gas path may be emplo ed.

erfect articulation is obtained from such transmitters especially where a magnet works on the gas direct due to the subtle means employed namely magnetism and extremely moblle gases. The articulation is equal to that of. a Bell magneto telep'hone transmitter. The magneto telephone trans-` mitter may operate vsimultaneously with the.

gas transmitter and the two effects thrown upon the same circuit if desired.

There are seven figures of drawing forming part of this specification.

lg. 1 illustrates a mercury arc tube Wherein the magnet may 'afl'cct the gas or mechanical means or mechanical plus electrical means or a combination of all or several of these obstructing or varying means.

Fig. 1a shows another arrangement including a part of Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is the same as Fig. 1 in every particular save that a gas ionized by X-rays replaces the mercury are.

Fig. 3 illustrates how the audion may I be employed to obtain the desired results.

Fg. 4 illustrates the employment of the Edison effect in carrying out my invention.

Fig. 5 shows how'an electro-magnet may be substituted for a Permanent magnet and .how the mag-neta transmitter may add its eflfects to the general results.

Fig. 5a shows a modification o f Fig. 5. In Fig. 1, a mercury arc tube 1 is placed adjacent a permanent magnet 2. The magnet is attached to a dia hragm 3 or the like. An anode 11 and catho e 5 are provided in the tube whereby the batter 6 may strike an arc between said anode an cathode in the well known manner. In series with the battery andttube is a primary 7 of an induction coil, the secondary 8 of which is 1n series with a telephone receiver 9 or other suitable device. A grid 10, a mechanical obstructor or valve 11 and two auxiliary cathodes 12iand 13 are all within the tube. All need not be in 'the tube, only those to be used. The grid 10 is in series with a battery .14 which latter has one terminal connected to the anode 4. In this circuit an induction coil may be included. The auxiliary cathodes 12 and 13 connect with the cathode 5. An induction coil may be included in each anode' circuit.

.The battery 1-1 may oppose or aid the main are current. The valve 11 of insulating material is provided with a puppet 11a of iron vor steel and'resiliently held.

I show the arc tube and circuits and equip- 'ments in the simplest possible form, and serving merely to illustrate how a gas or vapor from any source may be impeded, varied, obstructed, Vor throttled in various ways.

When the diaphragm 3'is Spoken to, the magnet 2 vibrates thereby causing the vapor to vibrate and change its resistance, 'which be enclosed in a vessel. g the sound waves themselves may 'act as the may -beiemployed in this ,*audions inclosed in a glass vessel 21.

vstructed and the resistance varied. This means of Operating on the gas or Vapor is more fully claimed in my patent for telephone trnsmitters, #1,443,620 of Jan. 30,

1923. Both the magnetism and valve when properly constructed can afliect the gas path simultaneously.

When the grid I10 is acted upon by the vibrating magnet it ma be caused to approach or recede from t ie anode 4 or cathode 5;' in either case the gas path has its' resistance varied thru the medium-of the current from battery 14. The current from battery 111 is also made variable by the operation. The grid is shown in the Well known form but may. be modified to suit this device.

When the auxiliary anodes 12 and 13 are used the Vibrating magnet oauses the O'as to immerse one anode more than the other and the operation 'being alternate as a to and fro shift or defiection one anode'circuit has more current flow than the other alternately 'and when suitable means are provided, the variable effects produced in each branch may be utilized.

Fig. 2 is similar in action t'o Fig. 1 and all the obstructing means shown in F ig. 1

figure between electrodes 15' and 16. The space, air or gas, between the electrodes is ionized by X-rays 17 or the like. This ionized path may or may not be enclosed in a container.

When gas other than air is used it must When air is used obstructing means because the condensation and' rarifieation of the air isequivalent to the 'opening and closing of the Valve 11 in Fig. 1. The p-uppet Vibration sets up rarefaction and condensation in the gas or vapor besides opening and closing the valvev more or less.

i 3 shows an audi0n t-ransmitter in whlc 'the final effect is amplified. Fig. 3 is similar to Fi 1 but uses ions caused by the Edison e ect instead of the Mercury arc. All devices used in Fig. 1 may be used inkFig. 3. The filament 18 grid 19 V 'as in all Battery 22 heats the filament; battery 23 is in 'the grid Circuit; and 'batter 24 in the anode plate circuit. An induetion coil primary 25 and 26 are in eachof these circuits respectively. Each primary has its secondary 8-8a and telephone receiver 9-`-9. To the grid is attai'hed a piece of iron 01' and anode plate 20 are present steel 27 which lies adjacent the magnet 2.

When the magnet vibnates the grid thru the medium of 27 the 'grid recedes or approaches from one or other, the filament or plate; in either case current from battery 23 is varied whereby the gas in the path is varied and the varied currents from battery 23 and 24 may both be utilized. Battery 23 Inay aid or oppose the current in the gas pat Fig. 4 shows' how the Edison effect is made use of. The plate 20 of iron or steel in part at least, is vibrated by the magnet in this case which causes av'ariation in the space 'between it and the filament and hence a Variation in the gas current. The magnet mayact directly upon the gas 'path or on both path and anode plate.

In F ig. 3 the filament or plate or both may vibrate and the grid remain fixed with the same result as explained when the grid vibrated.

In Fig. 5 is shown an electromagnet which may be substituted for the Permanent magnet 2. Here a soft iron core 28 is mounted Ion the di'aphragm 3. A c-oil 29 surrounds the core 28, but loosely, so that the latter can move within the coil without touching the same. A battery 30 excites the magnetism 'thru coil 29. By using this electromagnet -a much Stronger magnetic field isA f possible with less material and hence the diaphragm vibrates more readily and freely responds to sound Waves. A primary 31 may be included in the coil circuit. Then as the core Vibra'tes, currents are induced in the coil 29 by said Vibration which vary the battery current. Here I have the Bell magneto tnansmitter. A secondary 8b and receiver 9b are affected. by this varied current.

Any form of magnet may be used. Any form of transmitter is possible, that is, any Shape given the gas container and its 'contents. With strong light magnets on 4the The diaphragm may servz'l as one plate of a condenser and the gas as the other and the Variation of (listance between them caused by the voice can alter theicurrent in a suitable eircuit and battery 6a as well as the gas path current. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 18.

Then the electromagnet and circuit shown in Fig. 5 is used in Fig. 1 in place of the permanent magnet the coil 31 can be dispensed with and the coil of the electromagnet put in Series with the grid 10 and battery 14, as shown in Fig. 5a (battery 30 taking place of battery 14) then the magneto induced currents vcan aifect the gas by way of the grid and the magnet can also afl'ect the gas asl explained. The magneto currents alone may aifect the grid circuit and thereby the main gas path circuit.

When the plate 20 is held stationary the vibrating Permanent magnet can induce eddy currents in it thereby causing the gas i path to be aifected.

`Wl1en using the magneto currents inthe grid circuit in Fig. 3 I have a magneto telephone transmitter and audion combination in which I get perfect articulation and amplification` V The plate 20 Fig. 4 may be polarized in some uses of the device.

The puppet 11a Fig. 1 may be of some length and the magnet act on the lower end t thereby causing the upperend to vibrate with great amplitude and this end then operate the valve 11. The puppet of valve 11 causes a condensation and rarefaction of the gas or vapor and thus a va'riation of resistance in the gas or vapor.

In Fig. 1 are shown two iron rin s LP and 5B which encircle the tube 1. hey are placed on each side of the magnet 2. These rings afl'ect the magnetic conditions of the gas path, due to the current in said path. Therefore the space between the rings becomes very much more Sensitive to .the magnet 2.

While this application discloses various modes of control over a gas or vapor path, such as magnetic, electrostatic, by valve, direct sound wave (audion or vacuum tube) electrodes and magnetic tele hone, only the first mentioned is specifically covered by this application.

I may call my transmitter a'n ionophone'i or phonia-, one signifies ion speaker and the other speaking ion, because ions are used in all its forms.

I do not limit myself to the precise arran ements and equipments shown' and de- Scri ed because the principle of my -invention may be employed in a. great variet vof forms of apparatus withoutV depai'ting fi'om the spirit of m injvention or callin forth the exercise o the inventive 'facu ty because the fundamental conditions are so simple that an almost infinite variety of detail is possible, and the gas or vapor devices and circuits vhave been shown in the most elementary fashion for the sake of simplicity and ease of understanding and illustrating.

I claim as my invention A1. A telephone transmitter comprising a vmounted upon said plate and a gas or vapor path, said magnet being vibrated bg said plate adjacent Said path, whereby t e gas or valpor becomes variable in resistance.

telephone transmitter comprising a plate Sensitive to sound Waves, a gas or vapor path and magnetic means mounted upon said plate and located between said plate and said path for causing said path to become vibratory and variab e in resist ance.

3. In a telephone transmitter the combinat-ion of a plate Sensitive to sound waves with a magnet mounted upon said plate and a gas or vapor path, said path being directly varied -by the field of force of Said magnet.

4. In a telephone transmitt'er the combination of aplate Sensitive to Sound Waves, a magnet mounted upon said plate, a gas or vapor ande auxiliary electrodes placed in said gas or vapor, said magnet' Operating to immerse. said electrodes more or less in said gas or vapor.

5. In an apparatus for the transmission of signals the combination of a circuit including a gas or' vapor path'means for supplying a member With 'a constant magnetic field and locating said member near said path and means for varying the position of said magnetic field member in accordance with the signals to be transmitted, said magnetic field member being mounted upon as well as Controlled by said varying means.

6. A telephone transmitter comprisin a plate Sensitive to sound waves, a. mo ile conducting path and magnetic means mounted upon said plate and located between said plate and said path for causing said path to become vibratory and' variab e in resistance. v

7. In an apparatus of the Character described the. combination of a as or vapor path included in a circuit an a source of current supply and iron bands Surrounding said path, said bands Operating to cause an e'fl'ect upon the m etic properties of said path so as to ma e'it more Sensitive for the purpose set forth.

8. A telephone transmitter comprising a plate Sensitive to sound Waves, 4magnetic means`mounted upon Said plate and a gas or vapor path lying in the field of said magnetic means said magnetic means being vibrated by said plate, whereby the gas or vaior becomes variable in resistance. i

9. n a tele hone transmitter, the combination .of a p ate'sensitive to sound Waves, i

an electromagnet and a gas or'vapor path, said magnet having its core mounted upon said plate and. Operating vary the rew or vapor path and auxilary electrodes space, means for maintaining said eleetrodes placed in said path, said magnet Operating at a negative potential and means for vibrat- 10 to deflect the gas or va or from one auxing the ions m said ionized space.

iliary electrode to the'ot er. w Signed at Evanston, in the county of 11. A telephone transmitter oompris- Cookl and State of Illinois this lst day ing a Chamber, means for maintaning a of July 1919.

state of onization in said Chamber, a pair of eleamdes at opposi Sides of the ionized RICHARD A. ENGLER. 

